Use of Multiple LEDs

When using multiple LEDs it is preferable to connect them in series, the series connection ensures the current through each LED is equal. As different LEDs have different forward voltage characteristics, they cannot be connected in parallel without series resistors, if they were, the LED with the lowest forward voltage drop would draw the majority of the current causing an imbalance in brightness and the possibility of it burning out. The exception is when the LEDs are identical and from the same production batch, in this case parallel connection is acceptable.

Advantages of using LEDs for Cave Lights:

Long Life >10,000 hours

Robust can with stand >10 G

Variable Brightness dimmable without colour shift

All disadvantages can be overcome by careful design